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Research, Tradition & Wellbeing

How sacred sound can support calm, sleep and spiritual wellbeing

For thousands of years, mantra has been used to steady the mind, deepen devotion and make a room feel sacred. Modern research on mantra practice, music listening, rhythmic prayer and meditation is now exploring many of the same human experiences: relaxation, emotional balance, sleep quality, focused attention and spiritual wellbeing.

Sacred sound is more than background music. It brings together vibration, rhythm, repetition, meaning and devotion. For many listeners, that combination creates a peaceful space in which the body can rest, the mind can soften, and awareness can return to the divine.

The nature of sacred sound

Sacred sound speaks to the body, mind and heart

Five things arrive together in a mantra. Each one is doing something, and it is their meeting that makes devotional sound feel unlike other listening.

Vibration
Every audible sound begins as vibration. A mantra reaches you through the movement of sound in the air — and carries, at the same time, its pronunciation, its rhythm, its melody and its sacred intention.
Rhythm
A stable rhythm gives attention something predictable to follow. Repetition can gradually soften the feeling of a fragmented mind and set a calmer inner pace.
Meaning
A mantra carries a divine name, a prayer, a salutation or a sacred teaching. For many listeners, what the words mean matters as much as how they sound.
Devotion
For a devotee, listening can become remembrance — surrender, hope, gratitude, or the sense of divine companionship in the room.
Continuity
Long-form sound creates an unbroken atmosphere. It can accompany meditation, prayer, rest, or the long transition into sleep, without ever asking for your attention back.

What we mean by healing

Healing can begin with a moment of peace

On Spiritual Awakening, we use healing to describe a gradual experience of restoration, comfort and renewal — emotionally, spiritually, and within the rhythm of everyday life. It may begin as rest after mental strain, as emotional release, as renewed hope, as a quieter mind, as deeper prayer — or as the feeling of being accompanied by a divine presence.

  • A peaceful sound environment can create room for rest.
  • Devotional music can offer comfort through emotionally demanding seasons.
  • Repetition gives an unsettled mind a steady place to return to.
  • Prayerful listening can restore a sense of meaning and connection.
  • A regular listening ritual can become a nurturing part of the day, or of the night.

This is the sense in which we use the word, and we use it sincerely — as something that unfolds gradually, alongside whatever other care and support a life needs.

Vibration & atmosphere

The felt experience of sacred vibration

Sound reaches us as vibration — the movement of air against the ear, and through the body of anyone chanting aloud. But a mantra is never experienced as vibration alone. It arrives carrying rhythm, tone, memory, emotion and sacred meaning, all at once.

Listeners often describe devotional music as bringing positive energy into a room. That experience is real and widely shared: a calmer atmosphere, greater hope, emotional upliftment, a more prayerful mood, a renewed sense of connection with the divine.

No researcher measures positive energy directly — it is not a scientific quantity, and we make no claim that it is. But some of the experiences listeners describe as positive energy overlap with areas researchers can examine:

  • Positive mood
  • Emotional regulation
  • Perceived stress
  • Relaxation
  • Life satisfaction
  • Sense of control
  • Spiritual wellbeing
  • Sleep quality

These are different languages describing overlapping ground. The devotee speaks of grace and atmosphere; the researcher speaks of mood and perceived stress. Neither account replaces the other.

Rhythm & repetition

Why repetition can help the mind settle

A repeated phrase asks very little of the mind. The sacred words stay familiar even as the melody gently unfolds, and with fewer new words or narrative turns to process, attention can keep returning to the same devotional centre. What remains is a steady anchor — and attention, given something predictable to rest on, tends to stop scattering.

That predictability can make a listening environment feel safe. It can support focused awareness. For anyone chanting softly along, it may naturally accompany slower breathing. And it can become a bridge — from active thought, into prayer, or into rest.

Two distinct sacred-recitation traditions arrived at a similarly unhurried rhythm — and researchers found that this pace corresponded with slower breathing and greater cardiovascular synchronisation.

In 2001, a team led by Luciano Bernardi measured the cardiovascular system while people recited yoga mantras, and separately the Latin Ave Maria of the rosary. Both settled the breath to around six breaths a minute, and at that pace breathing, heart rate and blood-pressure rhythms moved into step with one another.

This helps explain why rhythmic sacred recitation has long been experienced as physically settling. Listeners who softly chant along may find that the repeated phrasing gives their breath a naturally steadier pace.

Stress & emotional balance

A steady sound for an unsettled mind

A mantra does not ask the mind to become empty. It gives the mind something sacred and steady to return to — and it will accept being returned to a thousand times without complaint.

A 2022 systematic review and meta-analysis bringing together 51 studies found that this repeated focus was associated with improvements in anxiety, low mood, the experience of stress, post-traumatic stress, and mental-health-related quality of life. The effects were generally small to moderate — which is honestly the right size for a gentle daily practice, and enough to matter across a season of them.

Listening may support stress recovery too. Pooled across 104 trials and more than nine thousand participants, music-based interventions were associated with lower stress both in how it is felt and in bodily measures such as heart rate. And a review of mantram repetition practised through ordinary daily moments — walking, waiting, breathing — found a small benefit for psychological distress, from a practice that asks for no equipment and no appointment.

Research on calming music and sleep

Creating a peaceful path towards sleep

Sleep rarely arrives on command. It arrives when the conditions are right — and a gentle sound at bedtime can help arrange several of them at once: quieting the room, offering a predictable auditory environment, drawing attention away from circling thoughts, and marking the turn from activity into rest.

Repeated night after night, it becomes something more useful still: a signal. The body learns what this sound means, and begins winding down when it hears it.

A Cochrane review — part of a widely respected evidence-synthesis programme — pooled 13 studies with 1,007 participants and found moderate-certainty evidence that regularly listening to recorded music improves how well people feel they have slept. A 2024 review pointed the same way for adults living with mental-health difficulties, on the nights when rest is hardest to reach.

Sacred mantra adds another dimension to that hour: the reassurance of familiar prayer, divine remembrance, and a sound already associated with peace.

Mood & everyday wellbeing

Music can change the emotional atmosphere of a moment

A change in atmosphere can become a change in inner experience. When music feels peaceful, meaningful and familiar, it may help a listener move from tension towards calm, from mental noise towards reflection, or from discouragement towards hope.

A meta-analysis published in JAMA Network Open gathered 26 studies with 779 participants and found that music was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in mental wellbeing — improvements that held across listening, singing and other ways of engaging with music. A 2025 meta-analysis of music and subjective wellbeing found an overall positive association, with results that varied by the kind of music and by who was taking part.

That variation is the honest and useful part. Different people respond to different musical qualities and different devotional forms, which is why we offer many mantras rather than one. The chant that settles you may not be the chant that settles anyone else, and that is exactly as it should be.

Meaning & spiritual wellbeing

Why devotional sound can feel different

A mantra is not anonymous relaxation audio. It carries a divine name, a prayer, a sacred story, a relationship, a cultural memory, a devotional intention — and, for many, a feeling of refuge.

Sacred sound can offer something that instrumental relaxation music may not: a relationship with meaning.

The listener may not only feel calmer. They may feel connected, protected, grateful, hopeful, spiritually accompanied.

Research has begun to look at this directly. A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis of mantram repetition reported a moderate positive effect on spiritual wellbeing across seven studies. And in a large survey of older adults in the United States, frequent listening to religious music was associated with greater life satisfaction, self-esteem and sense of control, and with less anxiety about death.

That last study is observational — it shows association rather than cause, in a particular population and a largely Christian context. We offer it as a resonance across traditions rather than as proof about our own. Devotees of every path have long said that sacred music does something that pleasant music does not.

Our approach

Not a short track to finish — a sacred space to remain within

Many short tracks end just as the listener begins to settle. The silence that follows is its own small interruption, and so is the next song beginning.

Our chants are intentionally long, steady and unhurried. They are made to remain with you as the day becomes quiet, as prayer deepens, or as the body moves towards sleep. Long-form repetition avoids constant song changes and holds continuity through a meditation or a bedtime. It leaves you free to chant, to pray, to reflect, or simply to listen.

The repetition is intentional, not filler. Changes are slow and arrangements restrained, so the sacred words stay central rather than being overshadowed by production. Where it is within our control, there are no mid-roll interruptions.

The aim is not constant novelty. It is continuity — the feeling that the sacred sound is still present when the mind finally begins to let go.

Extended repetition has long been part of japa, kīrtan and devotional practice. Spiritual Awakening’s long-form recordings bring that principle of sustained repetition into a format designed for modern prayer, meditation and bedtime listening — the traditional principle is the repetition; the long digital recording is a contemporary way of holding it.

This is a creative and devotional choice rather than a research claim. We make long chants because of what they are for, not because length has been shown to work better.

In practice

Create a space for sacred listening

Before sleep

  • Lower the lighting in the room.
  • Set a comfortable volume — quieter than feels right at first.
  • Choose one mantra, and stay with it rather than switching.
  • Let the sound accompany your natural breathing.
  • Let go of the need to follow every repetition.
  • Use a sleep timer if you prefer.
  • Place the device safely away from your pillow.
Deep Sleep mantras

Morning meditation

  • Sit comfortably.
  • Take a few unforced breaths.
  • Read the mantra’s meaning before you begin.
  • Listen quietly, or chant along.
  • Let the repeated words become the centre of your attention.
  • End with a moment of silence.
Morning Meditation mantras

Prayer & atmosphere

  • Play the mantra during gentle prayer or pūjā.
  • Keep the volume respectful.
  • Let the repetition bring your attention back to the divine.
  • Allow the sound to support gratitude, reflection and peaceful activity.
Inner Peace mantras

The studies

Research library

Every study we draw on, with its finding first and its methodology a click away. The reviews and meta-analyses below — research that pools many studies — carry the most weight here, so they come first.

Meta-analysisMantra practice51 studies

Compared with control conditions, mantra-based meditation was linked to small-to-moderate improvements in anxiety, depression, the experience of stress, post-traumatic stress, and mental-health-related quality of life.

What researchers studied
Randomised trials of meditation practices built on the repetition of a mantra, pooled together to see what the field as a whole shows.
Why it matters here
This is among the stronger bodies of evidence currently available on mantra-based meditation, and it points towards something a devotee already knows: not emptying the mind, but giving it somewhere to come home to. The trials studied structured meditation practice rather than devotional listening, so we offer it as a resonance with our own practice rather than a measurement of it.
Study details ↓

Álvarez-Pérez Y, et al. (2022). Effectiveness of Mantra-Based Meditation on Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO to April 2021, including 51 studies across 52 references. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) were −0.46 anxiety, −0.33 depression, −0.45 stress, −0.59 post-traumatic stress, and +0.32 for mental-health-related quality of life (9 studies, 592 participants). The authors note the evidence is weakened by risk of bias in the included studies, and that long-term follow-up in psychiatric samples remains limited.

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063380PMID: 35329068Read the source ↗

Physiological studyBreath & body23 adults

Both forms of recitation settled the breath to about six breaths a minute. At that pace, breathing, heart rate and blood-pressure rhythms moved into step with one another, and baroreflex sensitivity — a measure of how responsively the cardiovascular system adjusts itself — rose significantly.

What researchers studied
What happens in the breath and the cardiovascular system while a person recites yoga mantras aloud, and separately the Latin Ave Maria of the rosary.
Why it matters here
Two distinct sacred-recitation traditions arrived at a similarly unhurried rhythm, and researchers found that this pace corresponded with slower breathing and greater cardiovascular synchronisation. It helps explain why rhythmic sacred recitation has been experienced as physically settling for so long — and why listeners who softly chant along may find their breath finding a steadier pace.
Study details ↓

Bernardi L, Sleight P, Bandinelli G, et al. (2001). Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: comparative study

BMJ

23 healthy adults, measured during recitation. Baroreflex sensitivity rose from 9.5 (SD 4.6) to 11.5 (4.9) ms/mm Hg, P<0.05. The study measured what happens while reciting; it did not test how long the effect lasts, and it did not test listening without reciting. The authors described the effects as favourable psychological and possibly physiological ones.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7327.1446PMID: 11751348Read the source ↗

Systematic reviewSleep13 studies · 1,007 participants

Moderate-certainty evidence that listening to recorded music improves subjective sleep quality — how well people feel they have slept — measured on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

What researchers studied
Whether adults with symptoms of insomnia sleep better when they listen to recorded music regularly, usually as part of a bedtime routine.
Why it matters here
A Cochrane review is part of a widely respected evidence-synthesis programme, and this one points to something simple: a gentle, familiar sound at bedtime may change how rested you feel. Sacred mantra is designed to bring something further to that hour — the reassurance of prayer, and a sound already associated with peace.
Study details ↓

Jespersen KV, Pando-Naude V, Koenig J, Jennum P, Vuust P (2022). Listening to music for insomnia in adults

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

13 randomised trials, 1,007 participants, eight of them new to this 2022 update. Music was generally used repeatedly as part of a bedtime or daily routine. The certainty of evidence varied by outcome: moderate for subjective sleep quality; low for sleep-onset latency, total sleep time and sleep efficiency, where objective measurements suggested music may not improve these; very low for insomnia severity, where no clear difference was found.

DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010459.pub3PMID: 36000763Read the source ↗

Meta-analysisWellbeing26 studies · 779 participants

Music was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in the mental component of health-related quality of life. The improvement held across different ways of engaging with music.

What researchers studied
Whether adding music to people's lives — through listening, singing, or music therapy — changes their own assessment of their health and wellbeing.
Why it matters here
A change in the atmosphere of a day can become a change in how that day feels from the inside. This is the research closest to what most listeners are actually looking for — not a clinical outcome, but a life that feels a little more bearable and a little more bright.
Study details ↓

McCrary JM, Altenmüller E, Kretschmer C, Scholz DS (2022). Association of Music Interventions With Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

JAMA Network Open

26 studies, 779 participants, mean age 60. Mental component summary improved by a mean difference of 2.95 points, meeting the threshold for clinical significance; the physical component improved by 1.09. Interventions were music listening (10 studies), singing (8), music therapy (7) and gospel music (1). The authors note substantial variation between individuals, which prevented conclusions about which kind of music or how much of it works best.

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3236PMID: 35315920Read the source ↗

Meta-analysisSpiritual wellbeing7 studies · 556 participants

A moderate positive pooled effect on spiritual wellbeing across the seven studies.

What researchers studied
Whether repeating a sacred word or phrase affects spiritual wellbeing — meaning, peace, and a sense of connection with the divine.
Why it matters here
Most wellbeing research measures calm. This review measured something closer to why people chant in the first place. It suggests that what devotees have always described — that the repetition of a holy name can nourish the spirit, not only the nerves — is something researchers can begin to observe, across a small number of studies whose reliability the authors say needs further testing.
Study details ↓

Kuhn ALR, Schneider JK, Easton SD, Abdullahi SG, Willis DG (2025). Effects of Mantram Repetition on Spiritual Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine

Seven studies, 556 participants (272 receiving mantram repetition, 284 in comparison groups). Pooled effect size 0.535 (95% CI 0.18–0.89, p = .011). The authors observed that longer sessions produced greater effects than shorter ones, and that further studies are needed to establish how reliable these findings are.

DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2024.0348PMID: 39415754Read the source ↗

Meta-analysisStress & emotional balance104 trials · 9,617 participants

Music was associated with significant reductions in stress on both counts: in how stressed people felt, and in bodily measures including heart rate.

What researchers studied
The pooled effect of music on stress — both stress as it is felt and reported, and stress as it shows up in the body.
Why it matters here
Across these studies, music-based interventions were associated with lower psychological and physiological stress outcomes. Devotional mantra may combine a calming musical environment with repetition, sacred meaning and prayer — though the trials pooled here studied music in general, not devotional chant.
Study details ↓

de Witte M, Spruit A, van Hooren S, Moonen X, Stams GJ (2020). Effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes: a systematic review and two meta-analyses

Health Psychology Review

104 randomised controlled trials, 327 effect sizes, 9,617 participants. Effect sizes were d = .545 for psychological outcomes and d = .380 for physiological outcomes; within the physiological measures, heart rate d = .456, blood pressure d = .343, hormone levels d = .349. These are aggregate research findings across many kinds of music intervention; they describe a field, not any single recording.

PMID: 31167611Read the source ↗

View the complete research library (7 further studies) ↓

Smaller pilot, physiological and observational studies. They are included because they are interesting and because we cite them above — not because any one of them settles a question.

Neuroscience reviewMantra practice24 studies

Chanting engaged regions involved in attention and emotional regulation, alongside reduced activity in the network associated with restless, self-referential thought. The patterns resembled those seen in other contemplative practices.

What researchers studied
All the neuroimaging research on chanting gathered in one place, to see whether a consistent picture has begun to emerge.
Why it matters here
Research here is still gathering, and it is gathering in an interesting direction: chanting looks less like listening to a song and more like the practices of attention that traditions have always placed it among.
Study details ↓

Perry G, Wolff L, Powers N, Thompson WF, Baumann O (2025). Neural Correlates of Chanting: A Systematic Review

WIREs Cognitive Science

24 studies selected from 899 screened articles. Findings included activity in the prefrontal cortex, insula and cingulate gyrus, deactivation within default mode network regions, and increased theta activity on EEG. These are observations of where activity changes during chanting; they are not measurements of healing, and they should not be read as such.

DOI: 10.1002/wcs.70018PMID: 41405190Read the source ↗

Meta-analysisSleep15 studies

Music listening showed a potential improvement in subjective sleep quality, of moderate size.

What researchers studied
Whether music at bedtime helps sleep for adults who are also living with mental-health difficulties — the nights when rest is hardest to reach.
Why it matters here
It suggests that a calming sound can help most on the nights when the mind is least willing to settle — which is often exactly when someone reaches for a mantra.
Study details ↓

Zhao N, Lund HN, Jespersen KV (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of music interventions to improve sleep in adults with mental health problems

European Psychiatry

15 studies in the systematic review; seven pooled for sleep quality, five each for depression and anxiety. The sleep-quality effect was Hedges' g = −0.66 with an outlier study excluded. The authors describe the effect as potential and call for further rigorous research.

DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1773PMID: 39373544Read the source ↗

Observational studySpiritual wellbeing1,024 older adults

More frequent listening was associated with lower death anxiety and with greater life satisfaction, self-esteem and sense of control. The patterns held across different backgrounds within the sample.

What researchers studied
How often older adults listened to religious music, and how that related to their sense of wellbeing over time.
Why it matters here
Because this is observational, it shows association rather than cause. What it does describe is something many devotees would recognise: sacred music can remain a companionship that stays available even when age or illness makes it hard to attend a temple or a church.
Study details ↓

Bradshaw M, Ellison CG, Fang Q, Mueller C (2015). Listening to Religious Music and Mental Health in Later Life

The Gerontologist

Observational research using two waves of nationally representative survey data from 1,024 older adults in the United States, in a largely Christian religious context that included gospel music. Because it is observational, it shows association rather than cause: it cannot tell us whether the music produced the wellbeing, or whether people who feel this way listen more. The findings are also specific to that population, and are offered here as a resonance rather than as proof about devotional listening in other traditions.

PMID: 24737625Read the source ↗

Meta-analysisWellbeing10 studies · 713 participants

Overall, a positive association with subjective wellbeing. The size of the effect varied a good deal by the kind of music involved and by who was taking part.

What researchers studied
Whether music-based approaches — listening, training and therapy — are linked to greater subjective wellbeing.
Why it matters here
The variation is the honest and useful part. Music is not one thing, and neither are listeners — which is why we offer many mantras rather than one, and why the one that settles you may not be the one that settles someone else.
Study details ↓

Zhang J, Lu Y, Mehdinezhadnouri K, Liu J, Lu H (2025). Impact of music-based interventions on subjective well-being: a meta-analysis of listening, training, and therapy in clinical and nonclinical populations

Frontiers in Psychology

10 studies, 387 participants in experimental groups and 326 in control groups. Overall SMD = 0.36 (95% CI 0.06–0.65, p = .02). In subgroup analysis, music listening reached significance in clinical populations (SMD = 0.65) but not in non-clinical groups; music therapy improved wellbeing across both. The authors conclude that effectiveness depends on the type of intervention and the characteristics of the population.

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608508PMID: 40703746Read the source ↗

Neuroscience reviewMantra practice12 volunteers

During OM chanting, activity fell in several regions associated with emotional alertness. The plain control sound produced no such change.

What researchers studied
What changes in the brain while a person chants ‘OM’ aloud, compared with rest — and compared with simply making a plain, unmeaning sound.
Why it matters here
OM chanting produced a different pattern from the comparison sound. This small pilot could not determine whether the difference arose from breathing, vocal resonance, acoustics, familiarity, meaning or another factor — but it is an interesting starting point for further research, and later reviews of chanting have continued in the same direction.
Study details ↓

Kalyani BG, Venkatasubramanian G, Arasappa R, et al. (2011). Neurohemodynamic correlates of ‘OM’ chanting: A pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study

International Journal of Yoga

An early pilot with 12 healthy volunteers, described as such by its own authors. Deactivation was observed bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyri, thalami and hippocampi. The comparison condition was pronouncing “ssss”, which differs from OM in acoustics, articulation, vocal resonance, breathing pattern and personal meaning — so the study cannot isolate which of these produced the difference. The authors offered a possible explanation involving vagal pathways; that remains a proposed mechanism awaiting evidence, and we make no claim on it here.

PMID: 21654968Read the source ↗

Systematic reviewStress & emotional balance12 studies

All the studies pointed in a positive direction, and the pooled comparison found a small benefit.

What researchers studied
Whether repeating a sacred word or phrase through the ordinary moments of a day — walking, waiting, breathing — eases psychological distress.
Why it matters here
What stands out is how little it asks. The practice needs no equipment, no room, and no appointment — it travels in the pocket of an ordinary day, which is much the way a mantra has always been carried.
Study details ↓

Schneider JK, Abdullahi SG, Easton SD, Willis DG (2023). Mantram repetition and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

12 studies were retrieved, of which four had comparison groups and entered the pooled analysis. Individual study effects ranged from .08 to .71; the combined effect against standard treatment and psychotherapy was .23 (p = .015) — a small effect drawn from a small number of comparison studies.

PMID: 36427257Read the source ↗

Evidence reportWellbeingOver 3,000 studies

The review identified a major role for the arts in promoting health, preventing ill health, and supporting people through illness across the whole span of a life.

What researchers studied
A synthesis, commissioned by the World Health Organization, of what the global evidence says about the arts — music among them — and human health.
Why it matters here
It places music where devotional traditions have always placed it: not as a treatment, but as part of how human beings stay well — alongside meaning, ritual, beauty and belonging.
Study details ↓

Fancourt D, Finn S (2019). What is the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being? A scoping review

WHO Regional Office for Europe — Health Evidence Network Synthesis Report 67

A scoping review synthesising over 3,000 studies, focused on the WHO European Region. It covers many art forms and many outcomes; it does not suggest that every form of music produces every benefit described within it.

Read the source ↗

Continue

Explore the benefits of mantra

Discover how chanting and listening can become part of prayer, peaceful sleep, inner reflection and a regular spiritual practice.

Explore mantra benefits

Sources

References

Mantra and chanting

  1. 1.Bernardi L, Sleight P, Bandinelli G, et al. (2001). Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: comparative study BMJ. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7327.1446. PMID: 11751348.
  2. 2.Álvarez-Pérez Y, et al. (2022). Effectiveness of Mantra-Based Meditation on Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063380. PMID: 35329068.
  3. 3.Schneider JK, Abdullahi SG, Easton SD, Willis DG (2023). Mantram repetition and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. PMID: 36427257.
  4. 4.Perry G, Wolff L, Powers N, Thompson WF, Baumann O (2025). Neural Correlates of Chanting: A Systematic Review WIREs Cognitive Science. DOI: 10.1002/wcs.70018. PMID: 41405190.
  5. 5.Kalyani BG, Venkatasubramanian G, Arasappa R, et al. (2011). Neurohemodynamic correlates of ‘OM’ chanting: A pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study International Journal of Yoga. PMID: 21654968.

Music and stress

  1. 1.de Witte M, Spruit A, van Hooren S, Moonen X, Stams GJ (2020). Effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes: a systematic review and two meta-analyses Health Psychology Review. PMID: 31167611.

Music and sleep

  1. 1.Jespersen KV, Pando-Naude V, Koenig J, Jennum P, Vuust P (2022). Listening to music for insomnia in adults Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010459.pub3. PMID: 36000763.
  2. 2.Zhao N, Lund HN, Jespersen KV (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of music interventions to improve sleep in adults with mental health problems European Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1773. PMID: 39373544.

Spiritual wellbeing

  1. 1.Kuhn ALR, Schneider JK, Easton SD, Abdullahi SG, Willis DG (2025). Effects of Mantram Repetition on Spiritual Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2024.0348. PMID: 39415754.
  2. 2.Bradshaw M, Ellison CG, Fang Q, Mueller C (2015). Listening to Religious Music and Mental Health in Later Life The Gerontologist. PMID: 24737625.

Wider evidence reports

  1. 1.Fancourt D, Finn S (2019). What is the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being? A scoping review WHO Regional Office for Europe — Health Evidence Network Synthesis Report 67.

Further reading

Mal A. “Mantra Chanting Heals and Connects” Harvard Divinity Bulletin, 2016. A reflective essay on the practice rather than a research study — included here for its insight, not as evidence.

A supportive part of your wellbeing practice

Spiritual Awakening creates devotional music for prayer, meditation, peaceful sleep and personal wellbeing. These recordings can be part of a supportive spiritual routine. For persistent concerns involving sleep, physical health or mental wellbeing, guidance from an appropriately qualified professional may also be helpful.